Rocks at the edges of tectonic plates are subject to tremendous forces resulting in intense deformation. All these problems are due to the fact that the incorrect elastic rebound theory for cause of earthquakes was used in the investigation and prediction of earthquakes. Lecture notes 9 earthquakes glendale community college. The theory involves the slow build up of elastic strain due to largescale stresses in the crust on either side of a locked fault i. Earthquacke elastic rebound theory types of waves slideshare. Ask students if this feels more like how an earthquake would happen.
Elastic rebound theory 1 no transcript 2 no transcript 3 no transcript 4 no transcript 5. In reids original development of elastic rebound theory, he forecast that the next earthquake should be expected when the surface has been strained through an angle of 12000 reid, 1910. Elastic rebound theory moment magnitude scale earthquakes. Measuring and predicting earthquakes, for kids, is up next. Introduction earthquake sequences elastic rebound theory rate. The paper also shows that the energy released during earthquake is not the elastic stress and strain energy accumulated in brittle crustal rock solids. What reid developed was an innovative concept he referred to as elastic rebound in rocks as the mechanism for causing earthquakes. The force per unit area acting on a rock is called stress. Slowly they deform, until their internal rigidity is exceeded. Dependent friction spatial heterogeneity stress corrosion slider. This simulates the build up and stress release of an earthquake, known as elastic rebound theory. The material for the next two lectures is based on chapter 8 pgs 2516 press and siever 1994. Characterizing earthquake sources i main topics a elastic rebound theory b slip on a fault with a uniform stress drop c seismic moment d energy release during an earthquake ii elastic rebound theory h.
However, he also points out that this assumes a complete stress drop, that is, release of all accumulated strain, by the 1906. The plates of the earth are in constant motion, and plate tectonics indicates that the majority of their relative movement most damaging earthquakes form on faults at. This is the principle that reid proposes through his elastic rebound theory of earthquakes. The gradual accumulation and release of stress and strain is called the elastic rebound theory of earthquakes. Outlines of the presentation elastic rebound theory 3 earthquacke. First a few examples of energy pumped into a system. Start off with facts about why quakes happen, the elastic rebound theory, the three kinds of seismic waves, and the role played by plate tectonics in causing big shakes. On the other hand, the plate tectonic theory gives the reasons why and how the elastic stress can be built up in crustal fault rocks for cause of earthquakes associated with the elastic rebound theory 5.
Reids elastic rebound theory usgs earthquake hazards. This lab exercise teaches students about elastic rebound and friction and how these concepts related to earthquakes. It is only partially correct because it associates earthquakes with geological faults. Illuminates the causes of earthquakes by elastic rebound theory and earthquake location as focus and epicenter. From an examination of the displacement of the ground surface which accompanied the 1906 earthquake, henry fielding reid, professor of geology at johns hopkins university, concluded that the earthquake must have involved an elastic rebound of previously stored elastic. The elastic rebound theory suggests that if slippage along a fault is hindered such that elastic strain energy builds up in the deforming rocks on. As rocks on oppo site sides of a fault are subjected to force and shift. In geology, the elastic rebound theory was the first theory to satisfactorily explain earthquakes. The elastic rebound theory was developed 100 years ago from the observations of coseismic surface ruptures induced by the 1906 california earthquake.
How rocks respond to stress is a fundamental concept, critical to forming explanatory models in the geosciences e. Ppt elastic rebound theory powerpoint presentation. The mechanisms and processes involved when earthquakes occur are extremely complex. Elastic rebound theory is one of the central ideas to the mechanics of earthquakes and was originally proposed by reid 1910 following the 1906 san francisco earthquake on the san andreas fault. This idea continues to be our main understanding of how earthquakes happen. As the earths crust deforms, the rocks which span the opposing sides of a fault are subjected to shear stress. However some of the characteristics of earthquakes can be explained by using a simple elastic rebound theory. Chapter 16 earthquakes 1906 san francisco earthquake. The sudden release of energy should cause the youth to stumble and possibly tumble. After the devastating 1906 san francisco, california earthquake, a fault trace was discovered that could be followed along the ground in a more or less straight line for 270 miles. If earthquakes obeyed the elastic rebound theory, large quakes should reset the seismic clock and there should be. Elastic rebound theory rocks at the edges of tectonic plates are subject to tremendous forces resulting in intense deformation. It can be done in small groups or as a classroom demonstration, with students recording data. Pdf on incorrectness in elastic rebound theory for cause.
Structural dynamics and earthquake engineering question bank ce6701 free download regulation 20 anna university. Video lecture by ross stein of the usgs exerpt from the video, shock waves. Earthquakes can be caused by faults, the motion of magma, and explosions e. Earthquakes geology 1403 with dalman at blinn college. From an examination of the displacement of the ground surface which accompanied the 1906 earthquake, henry fielding reid, professor of geology at johns hopkins university, concluded that the earthquake must have involved an elastic rebound of previously stored elastic stress. In geology, the elastic rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is released during an create a book download as pdf printable version 1. While the elastic rebound theory predicts that large earthquakes occur at the maxima of the etectcurve, in our.
Previously it was thought that ruptures of the surface were the result of strong ground shaking. Fixed recurrence and slip models better predict earthquake. The theory also predicted, of course, that the place would be along tectonic earthquakes. Earthquake summary posters for significant earthquakes. While the elastic rebound theory predicts that large earthquakes occur at the maxima. Ce6701 structural dynamics and earthquake engineering. Elastic reboundtheory elasticrebound theelasticreboundtheoryisanexplanationforhow energyisspreadduringearthquakes. On incorrectness in elastic rebound theory for cause of. From the observation of the fault slip d of the earthquake, the elastic rebound theory of the previous section with eq. Learn more about the causes and effects of earthquakes in this. Earthquakes can be so small they go completely unnoticed, or so large that it can take years for a region to recover.
Learn what you can do to prepare for an earthquake before, during, and after. The elastic rebound theory of earthquake sources allows rough prediction of the occurrence of large shallow earthquakes. Henry fielding reid, professor of geology at john hopkins university, baltimore developed the elastic rebound theory discussed. Earthquakes are vibrations of the earth caused by the sudden release of energy, usually along a fault. Seismic waves free download as powerpoint presentation. Reid gave, for example, a crude forecast of the next great earthquake near san francisco. Most of the motion along faults can be explained by the plate tectonics theory. As with the statistical models described previously, these models are based upon the elastic rebound theory of reid 1910, which states that stress builds on a fault during the interseismic period, is released in an earthquake and then reaccumulates in the succeeding interseismic. Life after death experience nde with steve gardipee, vietnam war story one of the best ndes duration. In geology, the elasticrebound theory is an explanation for how energy is released during an earthquake. In 1906, henry fielding reid, professor of geology at johns hopkins university, concluded that the earthquake must have involved an elastic rebound of previously stored elastic stress. An earthquake rupture occurs and relieves some of the stresses but generally not all.
Tectonic earthquakes are explained by the socalled elastic rebound theory. This scenario can happen repeatedly on a 100500 year cycle. The elastic rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes. It will resist that forces till it exceeds its capacity and after that, it snaps. What happens when the narcissist knows youve figured them out duration. The description of how earthquakes occur is called elastic rebound theory figure 1. While forecasting is usually considered to be a type of prediction, earthquake forecasting is often differentiated from earthquake prediction, whose. Theyll learn all about the richter scale and visit parkfield, california a town dedicated to experiments that. This snapping back into position, upon the release of strain, is the elastic rebound of reids theory the elastic rebound theory is an explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes. Elastic rebound and friction lab lesson plan by deborah kane and dave van dusen. Earthquake forecasting is a branch of the science of seismology concerned with the probabilistic assessment of general earthquake seismic hazard, including the frequency and magnitude of damaging earthquakes in a given area over years or decades. The material for the next two lectures is based on chapter. Reid, university of california publications, bulletin of the department of geology, 6, 19, 1911.
What makes an elastic rebound possible during an earthquake. An earthquake is the movement of earths crust resulting from the release of. However, it is inconsistent and even violates many other phenomena that were present before, during and after earthquakes. It is a way for the stored energy to be released through a sudden action. Take a rubber band and stretch it as much as you can, give it everything. Request pdf on incorrectness in elastic rebound theory for cause of earthquakes the elastic rebound theory was developed 100 years ago from the observations of coseismic surface ruptures. This activity helps learners see the elastic properties of rocks by actually bending marble. The simple picture of elastic rebound theory is a good conceptual view. Oblique view of a highly generalized animation of a subduction zone where an oceanic plate is subducting beneath a continental plate. The elastic rebound theory states that pressure builds in rocks on opposite sides of a fault until. The elasticrebound theory of earthquakes bulletin of.